Ayrshire is a region in the southwest of Scotland. It's divided administratively into South, East and North Ayrshire; but for visitors the practical divisions are the coast, the islands, and the inland areas.
Clyde coast: Ayrshire is on the coast of the broad Firth of Clyde. In the 19th century the coastal towns developed into seaside resorts, the "Glasgow Riviera", but declined again once people could reach the Med. From north to south these are:
Ayr the county town is next south, then a long rural stretch, with Culzean Castle and Turnberry golf course.
The islands out in the Firth are:
Just off its east coast is Holy Island, an islet that's home to Buddhist monks.
Just south is Little Cumbrae, which is private property and has no ferry service. Bute, the next island north, is in Argyll and Bute not Ayrshire.
Inland Ayrshire is low-lying farmland, with a series of small towns:
Ayrshire occupies a low fertile crescent of land bordering the Firth of Clyde. There are traces of human habitation going back 5000 years, but in such an intensively cultivated area, prehistoric sites on the mainland have been lost by being ploughed over or re-used as building stone - but many remain on Arran, with the best on Machrie Moor. The Romans stayed only briefly, then retreated to Hadrian's Wall, leaving the place to the people of Strathclyde, who spoke a P-Celtic language similar to Old Welsh. Around the 7th century they were supplanted by Dalradia, a kingdom spanning the channel between Northern Ireland and southwest Scotland, and bringing in the Q-Celtic forerunner to Scottish Gaelic. The Vikings also began their depradations in that era but were ousted in medieval times, with their final defeat coming at Largs in 1263. The area was then firmly part of the Kingdom of Scotland.
Ayrshire adopted modern farming methods and began to industrialise from the 17th century. Robert Burns was one who farmed hereabouts, to little profit, though he was famous for his poetry even in his short lifetime. Coal was mined in the northeast of the county in the 18th century, so this part became urbanised, and Kilmarnock outgrew Ayr. When the railways arrived fom the 1840s, the coast towns morphed into beach resorts for the city of Glasgow, and remain so today. The county boundaries and governance were regularised in 1889, lasting until a reorganisation of 1975 which made Arran and Cumbrae part of this area. Since 1996 the county has been divided into three: East Ayrshire includes Kilmarnock and Cumnock, South Ayrshire includes Troon, Ayr and Girvan, and North Ayrshre includes Irvine, Largs and Arran. These boundaries have little relevance to most travellers so it's convenient to describe the historic county as a single unit.
Glasgow Airport (IATA: GLA) 📍 is some 30 miles north of the county but usually the best option, because of its wide choice of UK and European destinations. Take the airport bus to Glasgow Buchanan bus station then train or bus into Ayrshire as outlined below.
Prestwick Airport (IATA: PIK) is central in Ayrshire and is a major centre for aviation services, air cargo and military flights, but nowadays has few passenger flights. Ryanair is the only commercial carrier, flying to 16 destinations around the Med, Canaries and Poland. So Prestwick sends Glasgow folk off on their holidays but you'd only use it to get in if you were based near one of those destinations, such as Barcelona. PIK has its own railway station and air passengers are eligible for half-price fares on their connecting rail journeys - see Prestwick for how this works.
If you're flying in and renting a car to tour around, then consider also Edinburgh (IATA: EDI) and Manchester (IATA: MAN) airports.
Wikivoyage has a guide to Rail travel in Great Britain.
Railways in Ayrshire radiate from Glasgow Central station. Trains run every 30 min through Kilwinning where the line divides: one branch curls back up the coast via Ardrossan and West Kilbride to Largs, while the other branch continues south to Irvine, Troon, Prestwick airport and town, and Ayr. Change at Ayr to continue south to Girvan and Stranraer.
The other line from Glasgow Central runs to Kilmarnock (which also has trains to Ayr and Stranraer) then south through scenic Nithsdale to Dumfries and Carlisle. You can get here from England this way but it's usually quicker to take a fast train from London Euston via Carlisle to Glasgow Central then travel out again to Ayrshire.
All the main towns have an express bus service at least hourly from Glasgow Buchanan station. The main routes are X34 / 44 to Irvine, X36 to Ardrossan, X76 to Kilmarnock and X77 to Prestwick and Ayr.
Bus 585 connects the coast every 30-60 mins between Ayr, Prestwick town and airport, Troon, Irvine, Ardrossan, Largs and Greenock.
Ferries to Ireland no longer sail from Ayrshire, you need to go to Cairnryan near Stranraer for the car ferries to Belfast and Larne. A twice-daily bus from Glasgow stops in Ayr on its way to Cairnryan and Belfast.
Ferries from Ardrossan sail to Brodick on the Isle of Arran. You can cross that island by road for the ferry from Lochranza to Claonaig, near Tarbert in Kintyre.
Just north of Ayrshire, frequent ferries sail from Wemyss Bay to Rothesay on the Isle of Bute. You can similarly cross Bute and take a ferry to the Cowal peninsula, then a further ferry onward to Tarbert.
There's also a ferry from Largs to the Isle of Great Cumbrae, but there's no other transport from that island so you have to come back the same way.
The main transport routes within Ayrshire are described above in "Get in". Beyond that, it's variable, see individual towns for local buses.
There's a good road network across the county.
All the towns and many villages have pubs. They're quite traditional, serving a local clientele, and there's no outstanding place worth travelling any distance to sup at. JD Wetherspoon are the ubiquitous national chain, open from 8:00 for breakfast, and reliably clean and well-run.
There are a few nightclubs in the larger towns, but Ayrshire doesn't really do nightlife: carousers and stop-outs head into Glasgow.
Standard advice applies about dressing for a change in the weather, not leaving valuables on display in your car, and steer clear of the occasional Friday night drunk.
2nd-order administrative division
Primary administrative division