The Casamance is a is the area of Senegal south of the Republic of Gambia. It is centered on the Casamance River.
Casamance is mainly inhabited by the Jola and Bainuk peoples. Significant minority populations include the Balanta, Mande and Fulani. Casamance is religiously diverse, with the inhabitants practicing Islam, Christianity, and traditional African religions.
Though the Jola are the dominant ethnic group in the Casamance, they represent only 4% of the total population of Senegal. The Jola's sense of economic disenfranchisement within greater Senegal contributed to the founding of a separatist movement advocating the independence or autonomous administrative division of the Casamance, the Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance (MFDC), in 1982. In 1990 the Casamance conflict began: a low-level insurgency led by the MFDC against the government of Senegal. The conflict has been characterized by sporadic violence and frequent but unstable ceasefire agreements.
The economy of the Casamance relies largely on rice cultivation and tourism. It also has excellent beaches along its coastline, particularly at Cap Skirring.
The region is like the rest of Senegal: rainless from November to May, but during the rainy season from June to October.
Although the Casamance has been at peace with the Senegalese government since 2004, armed robberies still happen in the Casamance.