Dumfries and Galloway (Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Phrìs is Gall-Ghaidhealaibh) is a region in the southwest of Scotland.
The main England-Glasgow transport corridor cuts through the east of this region, with railway and motorway running north from Carlisle to cross into Scotland.
The region's other towns are along A75. Heading west:
The region of Dumfries and Galloway was created in 1975 by merging the counties of Dumfriesshire, Kirkcudbrightshire and Wigtownshire. This was part of a nationwide reorganisation of local government: some of those changes proved unworkable and were revoked, but this part of Scotland has a coherent regional identity so this particular change has lasted. Administratively it's a "unitary council", a bit like a metropolis, if that term can apply to quiet pastures and forested hills studded with castles.
The region is lowland and fertile along the coast of the Solway Firth. It has a short border with England around Gretna, which eloping English couples used to dash across, while to the north rise the Southern Uplands. The valley of the River Annan is a transport corridor into those hills but not necessarily out of them: follow it too far and you land in The Devil's Beef Tub, where your plaintive cries will be answered only by the moorland peewits. But by the time Glasgow grew into a city destination in the 19th century, road and railway engineering advanced to carry the routes over Beattock summit into Clydesdale. So for most travellers nowadays Dumfries and Galloway is just a brief green blur five minutes beyond Carlisle.
The Solway coast is shallow but was a good way to get around in bygone ages when small ships could draw up in any tidal creek. So invaders and raiders often landed here. The "Gall-" in Galloway is from Gaidheil, the Gaelic for a stranger or foreigner. As with Galway and Donegal, it's not clear which strangers are meant, as there's quite a choice. The Vikings are obvious suspects but it might also mean rival Celtic chiefdoms, and in medieval times battles for the crown of Scotland were fought here. Banditry continued after the wars, hence all the castles - mostly simple fortified dwellings rather than barracks or palaces, and now in varying states of dilapidation. The coast and creeks were also good for smuggling when taxes rose sharply in the 18th century. Many people were employed either in smuggling or in law enforcement, and often both. One beneficiary was the poet Robert Burns, wnose last attempt at farming was at Ellisland near Dumfries, but employment as an exciseman allowed him to give that up, and to do more writing in the short span that remained to him.
Burns' associations remain the biggest tourist draw, and other cultural magnets are Kirkcudbright for its painters and Wigtown for books. Sweetheart Abbey, Caerlaverock Castle, Drumlanrig and Threave Gardens are among its other big sights. But mostly it's a quiet region of coastal vistas, grazing cattle and the occasional thwack of a golf ball.
Glasgow is closer, but consider Manchester Airport (IATA: MAN) for its excellent range of flights, competitive fares, and good onward transport.
Trains from London Euston and Manchester rush north from Carlisle towards Glasgow Central, mostly non-stop, but every couple of hours they call at Lockerbie and Motherwell.
A loop of line runs west from Carlisle via Annan, Dumfries, Sanquhar and Kilmarnock to Glasgow Central. Trains run hourly as far as Dumfries, continuing to Glasgow every couple of hours.
Trains run from Glasgow Central via Ayr to Stranraer but don't serve the Cairnryan ferry terminals.
Buses run direct from Edinburgh and Glasgow to Dumfries, otherwise change in Carlisle.
National Express formerly ran overnight from London across the region to Stranraer and Cairnryan, but this remains suspended in 2022.
Citylink / Ulsterbus 923 runs from Glasgow via Ayr to Cairnryan (connecting with the ferry) and Stranraer.
See Stranraer for ferries from Northern Ireland, which sail to Cairnryan a few miles north of town. The operators are Stena Line from Belfast (with connections from Dublin and Londonderry), and P&O Irish Sea from Larne.
Train is the best option between Carlisle and Lockerbie, and Carlisle, Annan and Dumfries.
All the villages have at least occasional buses M-Sat, radiating out from Carlisle, Dumfries, Newton Stewart or Stranraer. There's next to nothing on Sunday.
Taxis are another option for short journeys, with most towns having at least one taxi company.
You'll need a car to visit the remote castles and forests out in the countryside.
There are two whisky distilleries in the region, both of which can be toured: Bladnoch near Wigtown, and Annandale near Annan. A few others make gin.
Most local pubs provide a range of real ales. There's a handful of micro-breweries.
Usual precautions for traffic and safeguarding valuables.
You need to dress for the weather but the hills are of no great height, and it's unusual for roads to be snowbound.
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