Maryland - state of the United States of America

For other places with the same name, see Maryland (disambiguation).

Maryland is a Mid-Atlantic state in the USA, which was traditionally part of the South. Nicknamed America in Miniature, Maryland has a little of everything: both sea and mountain, urban and rural, historic and modern. It ranges from some of the nation's most densely populated areas around Washington, D.C., to bucolic rural areas in the east around the Chesapeake Bay and Eastern Shore, and in the Appalachian Mountains in the west. Baltimore is the state's biggest city, with literal boatloads of tourist attractions around its Inner Harbor; Annapolis, with its historical maritime charm, is its capital.

Regions

Capital Region

The population core of Maryland—the affluent, diverse and cosmopolitan suburbs and exurbs of Washington, D.C. are arguably the most diverse part of the state and home to some of the most diverse communities in the country. As a result there is plenty of excellent cuisines worth sampling in the area.

Central Maryland

Including the quintessentially Maryland cities of Baltimore and Annapolis. Home to the oldest, most historic cities in the state, with a strong maritime heritage, historic architecture and diverse neighborhoods.

Eastern Shore

Maryland's lowlands east of the Chesapeake, home to the beach resort Ocean City as well as Assateague Island. If Maryland is famous for its crabs, you'll find some of the best here.

Southern Maryland

A solidly Chesapeake region with charming bed & breakfasts and bay island destinations, an easy drive from D.C.

Western Maryland

Where Maryland gets mountainous and rugged, with some charming, laid-back, smaller cities, and outdoor opportunities at Deep Creek Lake and on the Appalachian Trail

Cities

• Annapolis 📍 — the quaint state (and one-time national) capital, with strong maritime, naval, and seafood traditions
• Baltimore 📍 — Maryland's largest city, right on the Chesapeake, home to the Inner Harbor, a magnificent Aquarium, Camden Yards, Johns Hopkins University, lots of history, and a vibrant music scene.
• Bethesda 📍 — the urban-upscale hotspot in the D.C. inner suburbs, with over 200 restaurants and fine architecture
• College Park 📍 — a vibrant college town just outside the D.C. city limits, loaded with cheap eats
• Cumberland 📍 — railroad town in the Appalachian Mountains and the C&O Canal terminus
• Frederick 📍 — Bustling historic city near Harpers Ferry, famous for its antiques
• Hagerstown 📍 — Historic city near Antietam Battlefield at the foot of the Appalachians, famous for its outlets
• Ocean City 📍 — very popular seaside resort city on a barrier island, with loads of restaurants and night clubs
• Solomons Island 📍 — a small historic town and popular weekend getaway on the Chesapeake at the mouth of the Patuxent River

Other destinations

• Antietam Battlefield 📍 — site of the bloodiest single day in American History, at the first battle of the Civil War in the North
• Appalachian Trail — the great Appalachian Trail passes through the Maryland panhandle for a mere 40 miles, but that includes one excellent and easy hike to the ever popular rock-climbing mecca of Annapolis Rock—it's also just fun to be able to say that you walked across the state of Maryland, which you can do in just a couple of days
• Assateague Island 📍 — a beautiful national park of a barrier island, populated by wild ponies
• Catoctin Mountain Park 📍 — a big, rugged park centered around Catoctin Mountain, and home to the Presidential retreat of Camp David
• Chesapeake Bay 📍 — the Great Shellfish Bay is a whole travel region of its own, offering fishing, crabbing, swimming, boating, sailing, unique island communities, placid bed & breakfasts, and just plain beautiful sunsets
• Deep Creek Lake 📍 — Maryland's mountain/lake resort and spa
• Great Falls 📍 — the spectacular Great Falls along the Potomac River, plus endless walking/biking trails along the historic Chesapeake and Ohio Canal
• St. Mary's City 📍 — Maryland's original colonial capital and one of the very first British settlements in North America
• Patapsco Valley State Park 📍 — a big state park with over 32 miles of well-marked trails leading to historic and natural sites of interest, all just a half-hours drive away from Baltimore

Understand

The largest and most well known geographic feature of Maryland is the Chesapeake Bay, the world's third largest estuary. At one time it was called the world's protein basket because it produced so much seafood in the form of fish and shellfish, in particular its most famous product, Blue Crabs. Today the bay is a poster child for what happens from overfishing and pollution, but Maryland leads the country in many progressive "Save the Bay" programs to save wetlands, and halt the flow of pollutants from the more than 12 million people who live in its watershed from Pennsylvania to Virginia. The Chesapeake Bay is a magnet for sailing and fishing sports activities.

The state is bounded to the south by the Potomac River, which offers opportunities for boating, and bicycling along the disused Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Trail, leading from Washington, D.C. to Cumberland.

The western part of the state is much more mountainous than the eastern lowlands, and offers hiking along the Appalachian Trail, whitewater recreation in the Youghiogheny River, and historical sites such as Antietam Battlefield, where the events of the bloodiest single day in American history unfolded.

The Eastern Shore offers a mix of down-home farmer and waterman culture, remarkably well-preserved colonial history, and remote rural beauty that feels like timeless wilderness, if you can find it (and tolerate the humidity and insect life!). In the "mid-shore" region, Chestertown is home to a charming historic district replete with brick sidewalks and quaint buildings from centuries gone by. Streets close for the bustling Farmers' Market every Saturday morning, and festivals crowd the local calendar, notably the Chestertown Tea Party on Memorial Day weekend (yes, tea and people are thrown into the river), and the Downrigging Festival in late fall. Residents are proud of "George Washington slept here" landmarks, and also of the old hotspots where the likes of Ella Fitzgerald and other musicians once performed en route between bigger gigs in Philadelphia and Baltimore. In Queen Anne's County, the brick courthouse in Centreville is the oldest in continuous use in the state of Maryland.

At the tip of the Lower Shore, Ocean City offers an economy that caters to the huge seasonal influx of beach-goers. It has an odd charm in the winter, with discounted hotels, deserted beaches and empty restaurants.

Geography and climate

The state crosses many different geographical zones, from the low, sandy barrier islands of the Atlantic Coast to the fertile, lowlands of the Chesapeake Basin, which rise into the foothills of the Piedmont, and eventually the rugged terrain of the Appalachian Mountains. Maryland has been called "America in Miniature" because of the great difference of landscape one can experience in such a small area.

The climate of Maryland varies as much as its topography. The lower elevation Atlantic Coastal Plain, which surrounds the Chesapeake Bay and includes the major cities of Baltimore, Annapolis, and Salisbury has a mild subtropical climate, with hot, humid summers and cold winters with little to moderate snowfall, though winter storms do occasionally bring several inches to a foot or more of snow across Central Maryland. As one moves away from the Bay and higher in elevation, the climate becomes more continental, with milder summers and colder winters including the major cities of Hagerstown and Cumberland. In the mountains of the west summers are cool, and winters can be very cold with heavy snows. The mountains protect the eastern half of Maryland from much of the harsh winter weather experienced in the Great Lakes region.

History

Maryland got its name from Henrietta Maria of France, the wife of Charles I of France. As one of the Thirteen Colonies, the state was central to the early United States history. In 1790, Maryland provided land for the District of Columbia.

Maryland's border disputes with its northern neighbour Pennsylvania were settled in 1760, as the Mason–Dixon line was drawn. The line is a metonym for the North–South divide, as Maryland has traditionally been a Southern state. While Maryland had slavery until the American Civil War, racial segregation was softer than in the Deep South, and the state was among the border states which remained in the Union. Both factions fought hard for Maryland, and especially the 1862 battle of Antietam gave the Union an upper hand.

The state saw industrial expansion in the late 19th century, until the manufacturing crisis of the 1960s. The economy has diversified considerably become a national leader in biotech, healthcare, government services, hospitality and tech among other industries. Much of this wealth is concentrated in neighboring, Washington, D.C. and its suburbs in Maryland, above all, Montgomery, Howard and Prince George's County, which all rank among the most affluent areas in the country. In contrast, Baltimore has struggled to reinvent itself with urban decay a feature outside downtown and the popular tourist neighborhoods.

Get in

By plane

Many international and domestic flights arrive into the state's main airport, Thurgood Marshall Baltimore-Washington International (IATA: BWI). Many air travelers to Maryland arrive at Reagan National Airport (IATA: DCA) and Dulles International Airport (IATA: IAD), both located in Northern Virginia. In addition, regional flights can be booked to Salisbury (IATA: SBY) in the east, or Hagerstown (IATA: HGR) in the west.

By train

See also: Rail travel in the United States

Maryland is well served by rail. Acela Express, the flagship Amtrak train runs hourly from Boston, New York City, Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. to the largest city in Maryland, Baltimore as well as to the BWI Marshall Airport. The slower Northeast Regional connects the same cities but with additional stops in between, additionally it also runs from several cities in Virginia. It stops in the following cities within Maryland: Aberdeen, Baltimore, BWI Marshall Airport, Cumberland, New Carrollton, Rockville, and Salisbury.

Additionally, several long distance routes serve Baltimore, including the Cardinal (New York-Chicago), Carolinian (New York-Charlotte), Crecent (New York-New Orleans), Palmetto (New York-Savannah), Silver Meteor and Silver Star (New York-Miami) and the Vermonter between Washington, D.C. and St. Albans.

By car

Maryland is served by several main Interstate highways, and a number of other routes enter the state. Interstates 68 and 70 are the main east-west interstate highways in the state. In addition, US Routes 40 and 50 are major east-west arteries. Interstates 81, 83, 95 and 97 are major north-south routes. In addition, US Routes 219, 220, 29, 11, 15, 1, and 13 are major north-south arteries.

Use of cell phones while driving

Throughout the state, talking on hand-held cell phones (without a hands-free device) while driving is illegal, as is texting while driving.

By foot

• The American Discovery Trail connects Maryland with West Virginia, Washington, D.C., Delaware and both coasts.

Get around

Information on Maryland Transit can be found here.

• Maryland Transit Authority (dead link: March 2023) for bus, light rail, subway, and MARC commuter train information.
• Montgomery and Prince George's Counties in the D.C. suburbs are served by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (METRO)

See

Maryland's biggest attractions by way of sightseeing are almost all in Baltimore, centered around the Inner Harbor, including the National Aquarium, historic Fort McHenry, the Maryland Zoo, and a host of great museums. Annapolis is sightseeing destination #2, home to the Maryland State House (which once served as the nation's capitol), the U.S. Naval Academy, and a lovely historic center. Ocean City has its fair share of fun tourist kitsch as well. For more off-the-beaten path sights, look for the National Mormon Temple in Kensington at Christmas time, or visit Cumberland's historic district, set in the beautiful Allegheny Mountains.

Do

The big activities here revolve either around sporting events, or outdoor sports. Sports are a big deal in Baltimore, which is a city utterly mad for Baltimore Ravens football—half the businesses in the city deck themselves out in the teams colors. No less important to the city is the Baltimore Orioles baseball team. Sports are just as big a deal on the college scene at the University of Maryland, in College Park, where the Terrapins draw huge crowds from the counties surrounding the school.

Outdoor sports are concentrated in the east and the west of the state, since the middle is overrun by dense suburbia. Boating and crabbing are the big draws on the Chesapeake Bay, and there's beach camping to be done at Assateague Island. In the west, there is great trekking opportunities in the Appalachian Mountains—Appalachian Trail or otherwise. On the trail in Maryland, is a huge rock climbing draw at Annapolis Rock. The big state parks, like Catoctin Mountain Park and Patapsco Valley State Park, also have loads of really nice woodland hiking trails.

Other more eccentric local activities include:

• Duckpin bowling Maryland is one of the few remaining places to experience this dying sport. With smaller bowling balls, funny-shaped pins and three throws per frame, duckpins represent a unique regional experience.
• Lacrosse Maryland is perhaps the hotbed of high school and college lacrosse -- it became the official state team sport in 2004. Johns Hopkins is a perennial contender for the men's national championship; the University of Maryland has been powerhouse on the women's side. A ticket to one of these matches represents a different sort of spectator experience than you get at a football, baseball or basketball game. Also, the Lacrosse Hall of Fame is located in Sparks, MD (Baltimore suburb) with free admission and free parking (open Monday to Friday).
• Maryland Renaissance Festival. Crownsville, MD. Celebrating its 45th year as of 2021, the Renaissance Festival is held every fall on the weekends (and Labor Day) between the last weekend of August and the third weekend of October. Probably your only chance to view the Maryland state sport of jousting. 2021-01-28
• Maryland State Fair. Timonium, MD. Livestock shows, entertainment, a vast midway full of thrill rides and carnival attractions, and even a horse race all make up the Maryland State Fair, held the last weeks of August through the first days of September.
• Preakness. Baltimore, MD. The second jewel in the legendary Triple Crown of thoroughbred horse racing happens every May at Pimlico Race Track in northwest Baltimore. Parties, parades, and other events throughout the Baltimore lead up to the anticipated race.
• Frontier Town, 38.2918°, -75.1501°. - located in Berlin
• Adventure Park USA, 39.3797°, -77.2775°. - located in New Market

Eat

A crab feast primer

A quick review of crab-eating technique can be useful: To open the crab, flip it upside-down and look for the long "lever" on the belly. Get your finger under it and pull to pry the shell open, revealing the meat and guts inside. Most are too squeamish to eat the greenish fat, liver, and innards referred to locally as "mustard", but a true Marylander eats all of the crab - apart from the grayish gills which are always removed. You'll be given a small wooden hammer to crack the legs to get at the meat, but you can also use a knife to pry them open and dig in the crevices for sweet delicious crabmeat. Do not bite the shells to open them—that’s a recipe for broken teeth and lacerations on the tongue, especially painful when Old Bay is in the mix. Enjoy!

Local Maryland cuisine is as richly exotic. Unfortunately, it's also under-appreciated or over-fished, and therefore can sometimes be hard to find.

Without a doubt, the state is known first for its Maryland Blue Crabs, fished from the Chesapeake Bay, served in magnificent quantities, drenched in Old Bay (a peppery mix of celery salt, bay leaf, mustard seed, black and red pepper, cinnamon, and ginger), accompanied by copious amounts of beer, and a total, wonderful mess. The blue crab, symbol of the state, adorns drivers licenses and other state paraphernalia, and is a considerable source of state pride—all the more disappointing that farm run-off into the bay from the nine states of the Chesapeake Basin has decimated the local blue crab population, greatly limiting the fishing haul, and meaning that you are often eating crabs from the Gulf of Mexico unless you caught them yourself. The no less magnificent crab feasts continue, though, along and around the Bay in small crab shacks and in restaurants around Annapolis and Baltimore, and throughout the Chesapeake Bay region.

Soft Shell Blue Crabs, another Maryland staple, are available throughout the world in fine restaurants as a high class delicacy; here they're everyday bar food in the summer. The Chesapeake Blue Crabs are a bit of a natural freak, crabs that "molt" annually as they outgrow their shells. The shells grow back, but smart fishermen don't give them a chance. Don't worry about how to eat these crabs—just open your mouth and start biting, and eat it all. And there's a real pleasure to eating a "delicacy" on a humble hamburger bun with some lettuce, mustard, and tomato, while taking a shady respite from the summer sun, by the beach or otherwise.

Further along the Maryland line of crab cuisine is the crab cake, which comes in many varieties. You can find them anywhere in the state, at any American restaurant. But quality varies wildly, and most will leave you thinking, "well, I would have rather just had the crab." For the undisputed best, which Maxim rated one of the top 10 dishes in the world, go to standing-room-only Faidley's in Baltimore's Lexington Market and order a pair of jumbo lumps.

Aside from crabs, shellfish in general are a classic cornerstone of Maryland cuisine, (no surprise, given "Chesapeake" is Algonquian for "Great Shellfish Bay") and raw oysters on the half shell are a local delicacy. They're typically appreciated with a dash of hot sauce, and clams are often served the same way. Steamed mussels can make for a warming winter evening dinner, and Bertha's in Baltimore serves the state's most famous (and tastiest) mussel.

Traditional desserts from the state include the Smith Island cake (a ten-layer vanilla or sponge cake covered with frosting, most often chocolate) and Berger cookies (shortbread cookies covered in a thick topping of chocolate fudge or frosting).

From here, the cuisine gets stranger and harder to locate: Maryland Fried Chicken? Say what? Yes, fried chicken is a Maryland specialty, and you'll find countless places in Kentucky touting the stuff. "MFC" differs from your average Southern fried chicken in that it is pan-fried in only a half inch of lard or oil, giving it a crisp, but not deep fried skin, and is smothered in creamy, peppery gravy. It's very hard to find unless you know some old-time Marylanders on the Eastern Shore, but try looking along US-50 towards Ocean City for unassuming shacks bearing "Chicken" signs, or for a more sure bet, the quintessential old Maryland establishment of Crisfield's in Silver Spring. If you just want some good chicken, head to a Royal Farms gas station (the busier the better), which, for reasons beyond anyone's understanding, serves up fine fried chicken.

The most esoteric Maryland dishes range from roasted terrapin to fried muskrat to roasted eel to boiled raccoon. Good luck finding these, though. Again, Faidley's in Baltimore is a good place to look, although these wildly rare dishes are only available there seasonally. Hopefully top local chefs will come to their senses and start cooking upscale variations on these interesting local dishes, and realize that the Italian-French-American fine dining you can find in any city throughout the country is a little uninventive.

Lastly, there are several Mid-Atlantic foods worth looking for, mostly in diners. A slice of scrapple for breakfast is a fried delicious must, despite its origins (pig organs and scraps), which do terrify the uninitiated and the cowardly.

Drink

The best places around the state to enjoy some nightlife and drinks, unsurprisingly, are in the more metropolitan areas, like Bethesda, Silver Spring, Rockville, Takoma Park and above all Baltimore in Fells Point and Washington Square. Many of the clubs and bars in Baltimore's Inner Harbor -- though not all -- tend to be tourist traps with overpriced drinks and cover charges.

Beer lovers will want to try a few of the state's great craft brews. Heavy Seas Beer, DuClaw Brewing, Brewer's Art Resurrection, and Oliver Ales are among the most popular. Local beers offer a variety of styles — stouts, porters, ales, ESBs, IPAs,and Goldens. Also, Wild Goose, Flying Dog, Blue Ridge Ales, Deep Creek, and Foggy Bottom are brands worth sampling.

The great drink of Maryland, however, has all but disappeared since Prohibition — Maryland rye whiskey. The distilleries that once dotted the Baltimore County countryside have all shut down, and production of rye whiskey is now centered around Kentucky, however a few enterprising start-ups are trying to put the spirit back on the map, notably Baltimore's Sagamore Rye. Baltimore hasn't lost its taste for the beverage, and in the city's dive bars you can still order a dirt-cheap and tasty rye 'n soda or rye and ginger. Stores in the area sell "Pikesville Rye" at a great value, which is the only Maryland rye that never ceased production, although the operations have relocated to Kentucky.

Stay safe

In Baltimore, the main tourist areas are very safe (and heavily patrolled by police); one does not, however, have to wander far to find more dangerous areas. The rest of the state, with the exception of some non-touristy parts of Prince George's County and Annapolis, is very safe.

The state's wildlife is relatively non-threatening, with wolves and cougars having disappeared years ago. However, the westernmost four counties have breeding populations of black bears. Deer are very common throughout the state and pose a hazard to motorists.

Respect

Maryland is a culturally and politically diverse state that was very conflicted during the American Civil War. While that was 150 years ago and is thankfully in the past, there is still a cultural divide between the affluent, cosmopolitan central region and some of the areas on the Eastern Shore and along the Western and far Southern edge of the state. These latter parts of the state are relatively more traditional and historically identified with Appalachia and the South, while the far more populous, urbanized center of the state is very much part of the Northeast (with East Coast attitudes to match). This can create tensions when visitors from the 'Western Shore' encroach upon the Eastern Shore, raising prices and causing congestion.

On the other side of the state, the far western panhandle has long identified itself with West Virginia and Western Pennsylvania, than the rest of the state. It's not unheard of to see pick up trucks with Confederate flags or stickers in remote rural regions and people in these areas may not appreciate being judged by urbanites. However, this is rarely an issue in everyday life and most residents get along fine, despite or rather because of the areas impressive diversity. Indeed many things unite Marylanders, notably a somewhat humorous obsession with the state flag (which goes on everything from socks to underwear), Old Bay seasoning and crab cakes.

Go next

• Delaware — America's second smallest state, Delaware is to the east and north of Maryland along the Chesapeake Bay.
• Pennsylvania — Located to the north of Maryland, the city of Philadelphia makes an easy weekend trip from most destinations in Maryland, and offers a glimpse into America's Revolutionary War era history.
• Virginia — Maryland's southern neighbor is bordered by ocean and mountains and has much to offer travelers interested in history and scenic landscapes.
• Washington, D.C. — The nation's capital is a must-see for most visitors, with a wealth of sites including the Capitol, the White House, the Smithsonian Museum, and a vast array of other monuments and attractions.
• West Virginia — Maryland's western neighbor is the only state in the USA to lie completely within a mountain range (in this case, the Appalachians).