Minimum budget travel

See budget travel for less radical advice, much of it relevant also on minimal budget.

Have you gone through the usual budget travel advice, and are still short of money? Minimum budget travel requires forfeit of comfort, time management and predictability, in order to travel at no or very small cost, either as a necessity, a lifestyle, or a challenge.

Understand

The prime directive of budget travel is not to trespass, steal, evade fares, participate in the illegal market, work illegally or otherwise violate local law, regulations and customs. Trying to limit expenses is one thing, but unethical (or even illegal) behavior is another thing. Not only would you ruin your own reputation (and conscience) and face legal or social consequences, but you would make it harder for others coming after you as they will be more likely to be perceived as moochers or dishonest.

An extreme form of bare-bones budget travel is begpacking, in which people from high-income countries travel to poorer countries with little to no money, and beg for money in the streets in order to fund their travel. This behaviour has a negative impact on the local economies. Many locals rely on tourism revenue to feed their families. If you have money, spend some of it. If you don't, competing with those begging as a last resort, or asking for money from people poorer than you, who will never get the chance to travel, is still hardly ethical. It is also illegal in some places.

Many of these hints are risky; choosing low-income neighborhoods or sleeping outdoors might increase the risk of being a victim of crime. As usual, use common sense and advice of local friends, or of seasoned travellers to the area.

Get around

Generally, a slow mode of transport allows you to cover a smaller area, but instead of wasting time on getting somewhere (or waiting at an airport), you can use every minute to experience the place where you are at the moment.

Most transportation tickets are cheapest when booked in advance. For some modes of transport, off season and odd times of the day or week, or going against the flow, can give you bargains.

By foot

By bike

By boat

If you have a canoe or can find a cheap sailing or rowing boat (sometimes available for scrap prices, but check they are seaworthy enough) those can be cheap ways to travel, e.g., down a river. Also check how to get rid of them afterwards.

If you lodge at a friend's or friend's friend's cottage you may be able to borrow one. Or perhaps you can borrow it without lodging there. Some friends might love to take you on a cruise with their yacht.

Hitchhiking, while faster than walking, is one of the least predictable modes of travel by its very nature. If you are lucky, you will be almost as fast as if you were driving yourself. If you are unlucky you will be mostly waiting or walking for days. A foldable bicycle may significantly increase your speeds for the times you are at the wrong place for getting rides.

An alternative is ride sharing. Typically, ride sharing passengers pay some token amount to defray the cost of the trip, but this may still be more economical than scheduled bus or train lines. There are websites where people post their travel details: where, when, what kind of car they have, how many spare seats, and how much they want you to pay them. It's not just a great way to cut travel costs, it can also be a great way to meet new people! In Germany, this kind of travel is called a "Mitfahrgelegenheit", in Portugal "boleia" and in France "covoiturage".

Public transport

Public transport is usually a reasonably cheap way to get around in cities, especially with multi-use tickets. In some cities, and on some dates, it is free of charge.

Rail and bus networks may have discount tickets for a month's or several months' travel. You should also check what discounts you're eligible for.

Local transport is often considerably cheaper than express or long distance transport. European cities often have overlapping public transit systems providing cheaper transport than inter-city buses or trains. In countries like Japan, local trains are cheaper if you have time on your hands and can manage the connections. However early bird fares (where they exist) for long distance public transport such as trains can sometimes be the cheapest option available. This comes with the downside of limited flexibility (they may be limited to certain days or times of days) and often no possibility for a refund.

Sometimes, public transportation lines can be temporarily free due to exceptional circumstances, such as heavy air pollution.

Some public transportation systems can be an attraction in their own right, at the price of a ticket; see Urban rail adventures.

By bus

Buses tend to be cheaper than car or train for most routes, and can be very cheap on some. The deregulation of Intercity buses in Europe has created a competitive market, with campaign prices at times. Mostly the key to low prices is booking early and shopping around. Cobbling together a connection between two different companies might be cheaper than buying the whole route from one operator, but naturally you are responsible for making the connection.

By train

Shop around for bargains.

For long journeys, consider doing them overnight where possible. Taking a seat instead of a sleeper for an overnight journey is not very popular and thus seats are often steeply discounted. If you don't have problems sleeping there, you also save money on accommodation – but otherwise you might spoil your next day. See Bus travel for some advice on sleeping in a seat. Some railways only charge the sleeper surcharge once per unit of accommodation, thus enabling pairs or small families who share a cabin to get a sleeper at quite an affordable price.

By car

In the United States, you can try a driveaway car service. These most often serve "snowbirds", seasonal travellers who want their vehicles brought south to them in the winter or back north in the spring. In this service, you pay a small fee to an agency to deliver a car to a business or individual in another city, often hundreds or thousands of miles away. The customer wins by reducing their shipping costs, and you win by having a car to drive for cheap – but likely only one way. You are often allowed a certain amount of flexibility in the route and delivery time, allowing you freedom to explore. This is also possible, although not very common, in Canada. HitTheRoad.ca is a Canada based driveaway service.

A shared taxi can sometimes be cheaper than public transportation.

By plane

See and do

Tourist information offices and official hospitality websites usually have advice for gratis activities.

Many art galleries, museums and other attractions are free. The most famous attractions of cities are usually located in the public space — from skyscrapers and towers to statues and fountains. While you may need to purchase a ticket to enter, they are free to see and take pictures of from the outside. Of those that require an entry fee, some have discounted or free days at least once a month, or a time after which admission is discounted or free. In some countries you get a discount if you are a national of that country. Students and elderly people also often get discounts, but the need to prove this status may apply.

Many guided tours (particularly short city walking tours) are free of charge, but tips are expected in many countries. Even when expected, tips don't need to be big if there are many on the tour and you can expect them to be significantly richer than you.

Urban exploration is a cheap form of tourism, however it is illegal in some areas. Legality, dangers and other issues can be difficult for a foreigner to determine. Be careful and keep to less problematic places.

Buy

In many places in Western Europe, and possibly other parts of the world, you can find give-away shops, shops where you can take things you want for free, and where you can leave stuff you don't need anymore. It is really good to combine this with dumpster diving, looking for usable stuff at the garbage – you can bring the usable things you find there and don't want to have yourself to the give-away shops! Note the general quality level: in some countries only items in very good shape are appreciated, and you might fill the give-away shop's dumpster instead.

Some flea markets run by charities have a wide variety of good used items for minimal prices. These are called "op shops" in Australia and New Zealand. In Japan, search for the chain "Hard Off".

If renting a campervan, be sure to ask at the rental office if there are any supplies left behind by other renters. They are often left in the office for others to take. You could also try and ask about such practice at other accommodations.

Beautiful rocks or sand can be taken as a souvenir, but check the law and make sure not to damage property or the environment. At places with many visitors and at especially sensitive areas, such as archaeological sites or nature reserves, not taking anything may be important for the place not to deteriorate over time. Taking even sand as souvenir may be illegal and can result in substantial fines, or worse.

Eat and drink

Self-catering, buying your own ingredients and preparing your own meals, is a great way to stay on a budget. Many accommodations, especially hostels, apartments and cabins, have kitchens where you can cook your meals. When camping, outdoor cooking comes in handy. Many supermarkets sell food that is about to expire at a discount of 30–70%, sometimes at higher discount an hour or two before closing on the "best before" day of the product. Food that has been properly stored rarely spoils right at that date (in the EU, some product categories have a "use at latest" date instead, which should be respected). Canned and other packed food with a long shelf-life is often cheaper than fresh food, even if perhaps not that much of a culinary experience.

The cheapest places to buy food are traditional markets, supermarkets and street vendors. In countries with high hygiene standards, you may be able to find perfectly acceptable food in supermarket's rubbish (look up the acceptability of this in your area; in the USA some supermarkets dump noxious substances into food waste to discourage the practice). In some countries supermarkets no longer simply wait to throw out expired food. Food with a short period left to their "best before" date are sold with 30–70% discounts. In some countries grocery stores have additional discounts on food during the last hour or two before closing on the "best before" day of the product.

For meals, as for hotels, prices are lower in low-income areas, away from tourist areas. You might only need to divert a few blocks from the most touristed streets, to find significantly cheaper food. In high-income countries you might want to find areas where people with limited means, such as students, eat.

In places with non-potable tap water, buy the biggest bottle of drinking water you can find. Leave it at your accommodation, and use it to refill a smaller bottle to take with you. That way you can save through bulk purchase and reduce waste. Or boil your water (where this is sufficient treatment) and use it to refill bottles. In Thailand, reverse osmosis purified water refill machines are common sights. These offer an incredibly cheap way to get clean drinking water; just BYO bottle.

Food and drink is perhaps not the part of your travel expenses you want to cut down too much. Even if you are on a minimum budget, you do need to eat and drink and you shouldn't compromise your health by eating or drinking something of questionable quality.

Foraging can provide free food, as well as souvenirs (such as flowers). Beware of local laws though; picking up animals and plants is usually prohibited or restricted. Fungi and other organisms can be poisonous, or edible only if prepared the right way.

Sleep

Commercial lodging is often the largest single cost for travellers, especially in high-income countries.

Outdoors

Camping is cheap, and it's often the closest accommodation to lots of natural attractions. This will mean burdening yourself with camping equipment. Also, many popular sites like national parks limit camping to particular spots and often have you pay for a site. This is still almost always cheaper than hostels, except in the most popular camping spots.

Wild camping is camping without using designated camping sites, on undeveloped land. This is allowed and common practice in some countries, e.g. Sweden, Norway and Finland (according to the Right to access principle), and may be possible in many sparsely inhabited areas elsewhere. You should know how landowners are likely to react, and other possible issues, such as weather hazards, dangerous animals and pests, and e.g. whether water in the wild is safe to use.

You could sleep rough, that is sleep out of doors wherever you find a spot. This is difficult for three reasons: the first is that it will often get you in trouble with the police if you do it in urban areas (and with property owners anywhere); the second is that it makes you unusually vulnerable to crime, both theft and violence; and the third is cold or otherwise severe weather, or dangerous wildlife. There are few places where this is seen as an acceptable way to holiday (i.e. "sorry officer I'm on holidays" is unlikely to be believed). The real key to sleeping rough is to arrive late in the evening and pack up early in the morning. Also look for areas with rugged topography and thick vegetation that will interrupt the line of sight and ease concealment. Consider using a tent or hammock that blends well with area vegetation; green is best for most areas. In Japan you can participate in the nojuku tradition: there sleeping rough is a well established practice.

You could sleep in your car. Although also illegal in many areas, if you have a van style vehicle with limited rear windows, it is often easy to get away with.

Hospitality

The objective of hospitality exchange networks is to meet new, and local, people. It can be a great way to get a free place to stay the night, but besides that it's a fun and easy way to get acquainted with an area, city or culture. Active users of online hospitality exchange networks also tend to have broadband connections, which you can use while you are staying there. However, in some networks going by the name, you won't be staying with your hosts, and might never meet them.

Couchsurfing remains a very popular way for travellers to find free places to stay all over the world. Payment is not necessary or expected, but a kind gesture to your host, like a bottle of wine or a souvenir from your home country, is always greatly appreciated.

If you have friends in the area, they might welcome you for a night or two. With today's travel speeds you might very well have a dense enough network of friends to avoid other lodging most nights. You should be sensitive, though, not to abuse their hospitality. In general visiting friends and family has become an ever more popular reason for travel and there is no reason not to make the visits a mutual thing – them staying at your place and you at theirs. Just remember – after three days fish and guests start to stink. If you do not have friends in the area, look for different networks with shared interests. If you know Esperanto, that might give you a bed and a new friend. Likewise for many other hobbies and interests: a fellow nature protectionist or a fellow boy scout may be glad to offer accommodation and spend some time with you. Communities living in abandoned facilities may be an option, but choose carefully to avoid dangerous places, trouble with authorities and groups with drug problems.

Religious communities might offer housing for those in need, without or at a token cost. This is particularly common in Buddhist countries, where anyone can call upon a monastery for a simple meal and a mat to sleep on. Ponder whether you are in need and consider giving a donation covering the costs you cause.

Commercial lodging

You can stay in hostels, guesthouses and bed and breakfasts, usually the cheapest types of commercial tourist accommodation. Many hostels offer cheap one- to four-person rooms, but the cheapest of all are dorms shared by up to twenty people: you'll usually be given a key to the room and left to choose a bunk bed. Dorms are a great way to meet fellow travellers. There are some international hostel associations, members of which get discounts at participating hostels. Linen is included in most regions, though not everywhere.

Minimum budget travel

Understand