Portugal to Singapore by train is an intercontinental itinerary that runs from Lagos in Portugal to Singapore, crossing 13 countries by train.
Due to closures of many important passenger services as a result of the the Russo-Ukrainian War, it is not possible to complete this route as of 2023.
Thanks to the completion in 2021 of a section of railway in Laos, it is now possible to go from the Algarve, an area in the south of Portugal, to Singapore almost entirely by rail: covering around 18,755 km, this is the longest train trip possible in the world. The railway section that was missing in Laos was built by the Chinese government, which was not as interested in long journeys to the Algarve as they were in moving faster in the opposite direction, from Beijing to Bangkok and Singapore. Before, one had to get off the train at some point, take a bus for a long journey, and get back on another train. The tracks inaugurated in December 2021 now finally connect Boten, which abuts the Chinese border, with Vientiane, the capital of Laos, from which one then reaches Thailand and Malaysia easily.
The complete itinerary crosses 13 countries. This means that visa requirements should be thoroughly checked well before starting the journey. For the first five countries a unique Schengen visa is needed. The Russian, Chinese and Belarussian visas are definitely the most complicated to obtain for most nationalities, so check each country article and its links for up-to-date info. The other countries' visas should be relatively painless to obtain, if not unnecessary, for the majority of travelers.
There are regional trains to Lagos in south-west Algarve from Tunes, a few stops before Faro on the Coimbra–Lisbon–Faro line. You can get to Lisbon by sleeper trains from Hendaye in south-western France (with TGV trains from Paris) or daytime with two transfers from Madrid. All the mentioned cities have flights. The easiest way is to fly into either Faro or Lisbon.
The days below are obviously to be intended as a suggestion of days of travel; it would definitely be unfeasible - and somewhat pointless - not to stop during such a long journey. Also, because of timetables and disruptions, it might be impossible to complete the journey in less than 20 or 21 days of travel.
If you are going all the way, then you will start from Lagos 📍. From here go to Tunes and then change for the Alfa Pendular – a high-speed train, which runs at least twice a day to and from Lisbon 📍, taking about 3 hours. The Inter City trains run more frequently but take a little longer, with more stops — 3½–4 hours. Even leaving very early, it is not possible to reach Madrid from the Algarve in one day. A stop in Lisbon is thus required.
To reach Madrid 📍 from Lisbon, travel from Lisbon to Entroncamento by Portuguese InterCity train, leaving Lisbon Santa Apolonia 08:15, arriving in Entroncamento 09:23 (6-13€ for 2nd class). Then travel from Entroncamento to Badajoz in Spain by Portuguese regional train leaving Entroncamento at 10:12 & arriving in Badajoz at 14:16 (12.30€). Ultimately, reach Madrid by Spanish Intercity train (daily, except Saturdays), leaving Badajoz at 17:36 & arriving at Madrid Atocha at 22:04 (34.10€). Spend the night in the Spanish capital.
Get from Madrid Atocha to Barcelona 📍 by AVE high-speed train using any departure you like. They run every hour or two, journey time of around 2h40. Except for the period from 2nd July to 1st October 2022 (possibly 2023 as well), it won't be possible to reach Paris on the same day as there are no afternoon TGV departures.
All trains to Russia from the European Union and Ukraine are suspended due to the Russo-Ukrainian War. As of 2023, there is no alternative route by train.
Get from Barcelona to Paris 📍 by TGV, leaving Barcelona Sants 09:10 and arriving at Paris Gare de Lyon 15:46. To then get to Moscow there are more ways, depending on budget, timetables and political situation (as of September 2022 none of the options are available). The classic route would be the Paris-Moscow Express, which departs every Thursday (so plan accordingly) from Gare de l'Est at 18:58, and reaching Moscow 📍 at 11:44 (or earlier, depending on Daylight Saving Time) on Saturday, with no need to get off the train. During its 3,483 km (or 2,164 miles) ride, the train stops in Berlin Hbf, Warszawa Wschodnia, Brest and Minsk, prices start at around €313. A cheaper alternative to reach Warsaw 📍 and then Moscow might be to take a more frequent train to Berlin 📍 via Mannheim and then change for Poland (starting at €67). From Warszawa Centralna an overnight leaves at 19:15 every day and arrives at Moscow Belorussky at 16:58 the day after. This means an additional night somewhere, since Paris-Warsaw is only feasible if one leaves very early in the morning. European railway network definitely allows for several itinerary chances. Check also visa requirements, especially for what concerns Russia and Belarus. More info about timetables and prices on www.rzd.ru (dead link: January 2023) and www.deutschebahn.de.
All passenger trains to and from China remain suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As of 2023, it is unknown if and when these services will be reintroduced.
Depending on the day of arrival in Moscow, spend some days in the beautiful Russian capital, and then hop on the Trans-Mongolian weekly train on Tuesday. It travels, as suggested by its name, through Mongolia, which means more bureaucratic hassle but also a unique journey. It leaves at 23:55 from Moscow Yaroslavsky, to reach Beijing 📍 on Monday at 14:35, after 6 nights and 7622 km. It may be worth it to stop during the way to visit places otherwise incredibly remote, such as Krasnoyarsk 📍, Irkutsk 📍 and Lake Baikal or Ulaanbaatar 📍.
From Beijing reach Kunming 📍 South Station (昆明南站 Kunmingnanzhan) in half a day with a high-speed connection in the morning (10 hours, ¥1250 or 13 hours, ¥1147), unless you prefer a cheaper and much slower alternative (35 hours, ¥317). Spend the night.
From Dec 2021, a high speed standard gauge railway runs from Kunming to Vientiane 📍. Because of COVID-19, no passenger trains cross the Chinese border: the nearby road crossing remains open but there are onerous restrictions on travelers, especially non-citizens. Domestic trains meanwhile run on the separate Chinese and Laotian sections. This means it could not be possible to cover the distance in one day. It should be possible to ride from Kunming South Station to Mohan on the border (5 hours, ¥262), then somehow cross the border to Boten and hop on the new section to the capital (3-4 hours, around 333,000 kip). Hopefully borders will open again soon and this disruption will be over.
To get into Thailand from Vientiane, one must reach the Thanaleng terminus, 20 km east of the city and 4 km north of the border. There is a daytime train at 7:00 (10 hours, around 600 baht with connection from central Vientiane included) but the best option is probably to take the shuttle train from Thanaleng to Nong Khai and then the sleeper train to reach Bangkok 📍 Hualamphong the following day at 6:00 sharp. The new high-speed section will still take a few more years to open.
Going further south, to reach Kuala Lumpur 📍 it will be necessary to ride on two trains. The first journey will be from Bangkok (departure 15:10) to Padang Besar (arrival 9:50), right on the border with Malaysia, RM112. From there, after the border formalities, it is possible to hop on the first available ETS train towards KL (6 hours, starting at RM80).
The last section of the journey is not quite hassle-free as the previous ones. To reach the final destination Singapore 📍, one has to take a ETS train from Kuala Lumpur Sentral at 12:14 to reach Gemas at 14:52 and there switch for a shuttle train at 15:20 heading to Johor Bahru Sentral, arriving at 19:45; total RM52. To cross from Johor Bahru into Singapore, and at this point it would be a pity not to do so through a railway, take the shuttle from JB to Woodlands Train Checkpoint, it runs more or less hourly, journey duration is just 5 minutes across the causeway over the Johor Strait. After the customs formalities, catch a bus or taxi to Woodlands MRT station, where you can catch a train to downtown Singapore, and enjoy a well-deserved Sling at the Raffles (or a hearty meal in a hawker centre, if it suits you more).
If you're still not tired of traveling, since you're there, you might want to check out the rest of Southeast Asia, which is relatively easy to do from Singapore. Indonesia has an extensive ferry network if you want to head further east without flying. On the other hand, if you completed the itinerary going the other way, you could visit the beautiful Azores, easy to reach from Portugal, or take a low-cost flight to anywhere in Europe. Alternatively travel to Tarifa, Algeciras or Gibraltar, from where Africa is just a short ferry trip away.
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