The Pan-American Highway is a series of routes that passes through Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama in North America, and Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Chile and Argentina in South America. It is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as the longest motorable road in the world. While the Pan-American Highway doesn't have a route through the U.S. and Canada, some people start in Alaska and drive/bike to Ushuaia, Argentina, the southernmost tip of South America. It is necessary to bypass the Darién Gap between Panama and Colombia by ferry, however.
The Pan-American Highway is about 15,000 miles (24,000 km) long depending on the route you take. There are many options in the United States, Canada, and Mexico because of the large area and number of roads. Central America has only a few roads going north to south, with most of them - especially the Pan-American highway running along the Western (Pacific) shore.
See also: Travel in developing countries
The Pan-American Highway passes through many diverse climates and ecological types, from dense jungles, to arid deserts, some of which are passable only during the dry season, and in many regions driving is occasionally hazardous.
Most of the route passes through Spanish-speaking countries and thus you should definitely make an effort to learn some Spanish. Not only will it be invaluable in case of any problems (and there will be problems on a long trip), but you will be much more able to get to know the locals and experience the culture of places you pass through and stay at.
There are several modes of travel that are used on the Pan-American Highway.
It is possible to use buses down all the way to Argentina from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, except for the Darien Gap and along the Alaska Highway between Fort Nelson, British Columbia and Tok, Alaska. Buses are less frequent with limited availability in remote areas especially those in the far northern parts of Canada and Alaska; and in the far south such as the Patagonia & Tierra del Fuego in Argentina. They are more possible and frequent, connecting the more populated areas between Canada and Argentina. See By bus under Get around in a country or state/province article and under Get in in a city or town article for a list of available bus companies. It will require multiple transfers to travel the entire western hemisphere between north and south by bus. Except in the United States and Canada there are no trains to travel north and south along the entire western hemisphere.
See Driving in Canada, Driving in the United States, Driving in Mexico If you drive by personal vehicle, it is important to know that your vehicle must be shipped from Central to South America (or vice versa) in order to travel around the Darien Gap. While your vehicle is shipped, you can transport yourself by plane or boat. Driving the Pan-American Highway is certainly possible, and many travelers complete the overland journey from North America to South America (or vice versa) each year.
While most of the territory the highway passes through cannot be considered "bike-friendly" by any stretch of the imagination, every year countless people do successfully travel all or part of the route by bike. Knowing how to fix minor defects is essential if you want to attempt the whole route on your own as help is often not forthcoming on rural stretches of the highway. A firm grasp of local languages (particularly Spanish) is another thing to consider.
Because the route of the Pan-American Highway essentially consists of a number of other famous driving routes (such as the Alaska Highway and the Inter-American Highway) in succession, more detailed planning should be done by researching each of those sections. Furthermore there are numerous alternative routes possible. Here we can only give a summary with links to more details about various subsection of the route where it's named or defined as the "Pan-American Highway" or "Inter-American Highway" from north to south.
The original Inter-American (Pan-American) Highway begins in Yaviza, Panama and goes up north through Central America and Mexico and ends at the US border in Laredo, Texas. From the north it begins from Purdhoe Bay on the Arctic Coast and follows the Dalton Highway, south to Fairbanks, AK and southeast to Dawson Creek, BC on the Alaska Highway. Between the end of the Alaska Highway in Dawson Creek and Mexico City (where the Interamerican Highway splits into multiple branches) there are multiple routes one can take to reach northern Mexico, through the United States and Canada, from one end to the other. The Pan-American Highway is loosely defined with multiple interstate highways as the "Pan-American Highway" in the United States and undefined in Canada. The below are the most direct and popular routes between Dawson Creek and Mexico City:
See also: Driving in Canada
In Canada, no particular roads have been designated as the Pan-American Highway. The National Highway System, which includes but is not limited to the Trans-Canada Highway, is the country's only designated inter-provincial highway system. However, several Canadian highways are a natural extension of several key American highways that reach the Canada–US border: <br> See also: Driving between the contiguous United States and the Alaska Highway
Through British Columbia Traveling along the Alaska Highway you can go south on BC 37 to Trans-Canada Hwy 16 from Watson Lake and go east towards Prince George on Trans-Canada Hwy 16 or continue on the Alaska Highway (BC-Hwy 97) through Dawson Creek to Prince George. The Pan-American Highway would continue east into Alberta along BC-Hwy 2 from Dawson Creek. But, some travelers may continue south on BC-Hwy 97 towards Vancouver or Osoyoos Lake, through Prince George and Cache Creek, as a more direct route into the "Lower 48" from the Alaska Highway:
:* another way to Kelowna through Logan Lake, Merritt and Peachland. It ends at Hwy 97 in Peachland, 25 km southwest of Kelowna - or connect Cache Creek to Vancouver on two separate routes. Trans Canada Hwy 1 winds south to Hope and then west into Vancouver through Fraser Valley. BC-Hwy 99 goes southwesterly through Whistler and the Sunshine Coast into the Vancouver Metropolitan area through North Vancouver.
Through Alberta The routes through Alberta have been designated as part of the CANAMEX Corridor established under the North American Free Trade Agreement as a series of improvements to the transportation infrastructure, including highways to link Canada to Mexico through the United States as follows:
Through Manitoba
Through Ontario
Variant via Saskatchewan The CanAm Highway is a defined (and sign posted) variant of the Pan-American Highway that connects (La Ronge) Canada to Mexico through the United States. CanAm follows a series of provincial highways through Saskatchewan, from La Ronge to the US Border as follows:
See also: Driving in the United States
In 1966, the US Federal Highway Administration designated the entire Interstate Highway System as part of the "Pan-American Highway System", but this has not been expressed in any of the interstate signage. Of the many freeways that make up this very comprehensive system, several are notable because of their mainly north-south orientation and their links to the main Mexican route and its spurs, as well as to key routes in Canada that link to the Alaska Highway: - Interstate 35 is the northward continuation of the Interamerican Highway (MX-Hwy 85) into the United States from Mexico. Even the segment through San Antonio is named "Pan-Am Expressway" locally. I-35 begins in Laredo, Texas, at the Mexican border and continues north to Duluth, Minnesota where it ends. From Duluth the highway continues north towards Thunder Bay, Ontario in Canada as MN-Hwy 61/ON-Hwy 61. Likewise the traveler can go more directly towards the Canadian border from the I-35 corridor in Kansas City along I-29. Alternatively one can reach the I-29 corridor from Minneapolis to Fargo on I-94 or from Duluth to Grand Forks, North Dakota via US Hwy 2. Interstate 35 comes closest to being THE "official" Pan-American through the U.S. as it is in close alignment with the official beginning and end point of the Interamerican Highway at the U.S./Mexican border.
:* & Spurs from I-35 in Kansas City, Missouri to the Canadian border where the highway becomes MB-75 to continue north to Winnipeg.
There are additional spur routes from Mexico to the Canadian border, through the United States: - & Continue north from the Mexican border in El Paso/Cd Juarez to Las Cruces, New Mexico where I-25 begins. It is locally named the "Pan American Freeway" in Albuquerque as an extension of MX-Hwy 45. I-25 goes north from Las Cruces to I-90 in Buffalo where it ends. To continue towards the Canadian border go west on I-90 to Butte, Montana and north towards Canada on I-15. Alternatively travelers can go on US Hwy 287 between Three Forks ( east of Butte along I-90) and Helena ( northeast of Butte on I-15) thus saving the extra 50 miles of travel between Butte and Three Forks.
:* The CanAm Highway is a defined (and sign posted) variant of the Pan-American Highway that connects Mexico (Cd Juarez) to (La Ronge) Canada through the United States. It runs concurrent with the I-25/I-10 corridor from El Paso, Tx (at the Mexican border) to Cheyenne, WY where the two highways split. CanAm follows US Hwy 85 from north of Cheyenne, WY through western South Dakota and North Dakota to Weyburn, SK. - have been designated as part of the CANAMEX Corridor established under the North American Free Trade Agreement as a series of improvements to the transportation infrastructure, including highways to link Canada to Mexico through the United States. Interstate 15 begins in Lethbridge, Alberta as AB-Hwy 4 which become Interstate 15 in the United States and ends in San Diego, California where it merges into I-5. From Interstate 15, the CANAMEX Corridor follows I-11/US Hwy 93 from Las Vegas/Henderson, Nevada towards Phoenix through Wickensburg, Arizona where it merges with and becomes US Hwy 60. I-11 only goes from Henderson to Boulder City where it becomes only US Hwy 93 the rest of the way to Wickensburg. Going north from Leathbridge to Dawson City the CANAMEX Corridor follows a series of highways through Alberta to Dawson Creek, BC (as described in the above under 'Through Alberta'). :* & are the continuation of the CANAMEX Corridor from Phoenix to the Mexican border in Nogales along I-10 to Tucson and I-19 to Nogales, AZ. The CANAMEX Corridor continues from Nogales to Mexico City as MX-Hwy 15/15D. Plans are underway to upgrade and integrate the route from Boulder city to Nogales to become Interstate 11. - & I-5/BC-Hwy 99 is the closest and most direct route from the Alaska Highway to the Mexican border in San Ysidro, CA ( south of San Diego). Interstate 5 begins in Vancouver, BC as BC-Hwy 99 and becomes Interstate 5 in the United States through Blaine, WA. :* & US Highway 97 is the continuation of BC-Hwy 97 into the United States from the Alaska Highway in Dawson Creek. It runs parallel with the I-5 corridor from Oroville, WA to Weed, CA where it ends at the I-5 corridor. It passes through Wenatchee, North Cascades National Park, Ellensburg and Yakima in Eastern Washington; and through The Dalles, Redmond, Bend, Crater Lake National Park and Klamath Falls in Central Oregon.
The following are east-west highways that connect the north-south spur routes to each other. Interstate 90/94 connect along the north while Interstate 80 serves as the middle tier and Interstate 10 along the southern tier. Interstate highways going north & south are odd numbered while the east & west highways are even numbered: - & Interstate 90 connects Seattle (Jct I-5) to Billings, Montana where I-94 begins. I-94 continues east towards the I-35 corridor in Minneapolis through Theodore Roosevelt National Park and Fargo ND (Jct I-29). From Butte, Montana, I-90 goes south to Buffalo WY (Jct I-25) and turns east towards the I-35 corridor in Albert Lea MN ( south of Minneapolis) through Rapid City (north of Mt Rushmore National Park); Badlands National Park and Sioux Falls, South Dakota (Jct I-29). - & Interstate 80 supersedes the historic Lincoln Highway, the first transcontinental highway across the U.S., connecting San Francisco to New York. The Pan-American Highway travelers can combine the historic Lincoln Highway in their plans for travel from I-5 in Sacramento or I-15 in Salt Lake City (nearest to the Alaska Highway) to I-29 in Omaha in the east where you can continue south on I-29 to merge with I-35 in Kansas City and towards Mexico on I-35. - Interstate 10 goes east towards the I-35 corridor in San Antonio from the I-5 corridor in Los Angeles. It passes through San Bernardino (Jct-15); Joshua Tree National Park, Phoenix (Jct US Hwy 60, I-17); Saguaro National Park, Tucson (Jct I-19); Las Cruces (Jct I-25), and El Paso (Jct MX Hwy 45/US Hwy 54) in between.
See also: Driving in Mexico
The Pan-American Highway is also the "Inter-American" which is well defined and often also well signed in Mexico as it is through Central and South America. It runs from the US border in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas to the Guatemalan border in Ciudad Cuauhtemoc, Chiapas; through Mexico City which consists of:
Additional branches of the Pan-American Highway from Mexico City, through Northern Mexico, to the US border as follows:
The Pan-American Highway is well defined through Central America and runs continuously from the Mexican border at La Mesilla, Guatemala to Yaviza, Panama in the Darien Gap as singular route. In most countries it is numbered as "CA-1" or "Hwy 1" which passes through the major cities in the heavily populated areas of the Central American isthmus. Like the roads in North America (see above) there are numerous other highways not defined as the "Pan-American Highway" (Carretera Panamericana) one can travel on to get across the Central American isthmus from the Mexican border to the Darien Gap.
La Carretera Panamericana (CA-1) passes through Guatemala from its border with Mexico in La Mesilla to its border with El Salvador in San Cristobal. The segment of the highway between Cuatro Caminos (Jct RN-1), 16 km NE of Quetzaltenango, and Aldea Molino (Jct CA-8), 77 km southeast of Guatemala City, is four lanes wide with two in each direction while the rest of the highway in the Western Highlands and Eastern Guatemala are two lanes wide with one lane in each direction:
and The Pan-American Highway passes through El Salvador from its border with Guatemala near the town of San Vicente to its border with Honduras in Amatillo near Golfo Fonesca. The highways becomes a dual carriageway near the urban areas, four lanes wide with two lanes to each direction while it remains a two lane road with one lane to each direction in rural areas. It passes through:
RN-1 passes through the south/southeastern part of Honduras from its border with El Salvador in El Amatillo, through Choluteca, and into Nicaragua at El Espino. The highway goes through:
The Pan-American Highway is called "La Carretera Interamericana" or "Inter-American Highway" and is divided north and south, depending on if you go north or south from San Jose. Except for certain sections (such as the immediate areas of San Jose), most of the highway has only one lane for each direction.<br>
La Carretera Interamericana Norte connects Peñas Blancas, at the Nicaraguan border, to San José through: - Peñas Blancas - Liberia - Alajuela - Heredia - San José La Carretera Interamericana Sur continues from San José to the Panamanian border at Paso Canoas: - San José - San Isidro - Cartago - Paso Canoas
This is the location of the Panama Canal (which is spanned by a bridge) and the Darien Gap, so there's a gap in the Pan-American highway here. From the Costa Rican border in Paso Canoas the highway passes through:
See also: Colombia to Patagonia overland
The Pan-American Highway officially begins in Turbo, Colombia (nearest to the Darien Gap) and winds its way down towards Santiago Chile through Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Northern Chile. From approximately 80 km north of Santiago the highway continues east towards Buenos Aires where it officially ends. Unofficially the route continues south along AR-RN 3 to Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego in the southern tip of South America. Alternatively the traveler can continue south on the unofficial route from Santiago to Puerto Montt where it splits again to Quellon on Chiloé Island or to Villa O'Higgins along the Carretera Austral. Going north the Pan-American Highway splits in Medellin. One branch goes towards Turbo (nearest to Darien Gap) while the other continues north towards Cartagena as the principal port where the majority of travelers sail to and/or ship vehicles to Panama for the continuation of the Pan-American Highway through Central and North America.
The Pan-American Highway is called "La Carretera Interamericana" and is divided north and south, depending on if you go north or south of KM-0 at the intersection of PE-1 and Autopista R. Priale a Chosica (PE-22) in Lima. Except for certain sections (such as the immediate areas of Lima), most of the highway has only one lane for each direction.<br>
See also: Buenos Aires to Machu Picchu overland
Try to avoid areas where cartels operate, particularly in the Mexican states south of Texas. Follow the advice for the areas you are planning to travel through.