Philippi is an archaeological site in Macedonian Greece. It belongs since 2016 to UNESCO World Heritage List.
The archaeological site of Philippi is the most important in East Macedonia, with characteristic monuments of the Hellenistic, Roman and early Christian periods. Its story began in 360/359 BC, as colonists from the island of Thasos founded the city under the name Krenides.
In 356 BC, the inhabitants requested protection and support from King Philip II of Macedonia, as the city was threatened by the Thracians. Philip had already foreseen the economic and strategic potential of the city, so he conquered and fortified it and renamed it Philippi, after himself.
After the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC, the city became a Roman colony. The bustling Hellenistic city of Philip II, whose walls, gates, theatre and some tombs are still visible, has been complemented by Roman public buildings such as the Forum and a monumental terrace with temples in the north. Its location on Via Egnatia, the ancient road linking Europe and Asia, furthered its development. Of particular importance in the history of Philippi was the year 49 or 50, when Apostle Paul visited the city and built the first Christian church in Europe and also performed the first Christian baptism. This made Philippi the first Christian community in Europe and a germ cell for the further development of Christianity in Europe. The remains of his basilicas provide an extraordinary testimony to the early establishment of Christianity. Therefore, there is also a lot of religious tourism here.
The decline began with the plague (547 AD) and an earthquake (AD 619), which almost completely destroyed the city and it never returned to its former importance. Around 850 AD, the Byzantine empire fought several wars with the Bulgarians for the city, which became Byzantine for itself finally, and strengthened the city in the 10th-11th century. After a brief occupation by the Franks after the Fourth Crusade, and the conquest of Constantinople in 1204, the city was conquered by the Serbs, and abandoned at an unknown time. During the occupation by the Ottoman Empire, it was used by the Turks as a quarry.
The excavations on the site of Philippi began in 1914 under the direction of the French Faculty of Archeology in Athens. After the Second World War, the excavations were resumed by the Greek Archaeological Society. Today, the archaeological excavations continue under the direction of the Greek Ministry of Archeology, the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and the French Faculty of Archeology in Athens.
The ancient city of Philippi was not as small as it appears today. Much of it has been lost over the centuries, either through the removal of building materials to build houses elsewhere or through agriculture. This is shown by the archaeological finds in Krinides.
One may wonder about the ruins of so many churches in a small space. This is due to the fact that each of the temples of the former many gods had to be overbuilt by a church according to the Christian understanding.
Philippi is reached via Kavala (15 km) or Drama (25 km). All connections are described there. The buses to Philippi run on regularly schedule from the bus stations in Kavala or Drama.
All attractions are within walking distance.
The turnoff from the main road Kavala-Drama to Philippi is well signposted. You reach a large parking lot, which runs around a small park and is also suitable for campers. The restaurant in the park, with plenty of outdoor seating under trees, is the best place to rest after a visit to the ancient site. Since there is hardly any shade in Philippi, it can be quite warm during the visit in midsummer. The old Via Egnatia and later, the meanwhile disused federal road divides the area into two parts. The upper part is dominated by the ancient theater, the lower part by the remains of the city. One may wonder about the many churches on the relatively small excavation area, but each temple of the ancient religion had to be built with churches to prevent the worship of the ancient gods
During the summer, it is advisable to bring a headgear against the intense sun during the visit, since there are few shadows on the excavation site.
From the entrance you get directly to:
About 150 m further you can see the remains of a basilica, of which only the foundation stones remained:
If you stay above the Via Egnatia you will reach after another 150 m:
In front of the entrance of the museum, the path leads up to the Acropolis. Especially in the summer, the ascent is a bit difficult because of the slope and the lack of shade but still recommended.
Leaving the upper part of the excavation site next to the Basilica A, you pass the Apostle Paul's prison (n ° 7) and cross Via Egnatia to reach the large central market (Agora) and directly behind the Basilica B
Next to the archaeological site is a nice restaurant with sitting places in the shadow under big trees in a park. In walking distance from there are several restaurants in the village of Krinides or in the village of Lydia 3 km away. It is also worth to drive about 10 km towards Drama to Apo Kefalari 📍, at the foot of a mountain, a village known for its trout-specialized romantic cafes and restaurants lining a stream. Even on hot summer evenings, it is relatively cool here. From Kato Kefalaria you can reach Piges 📍 within 2 km. Here is a tourist restaurant on a small lake and is also highly recommended to visit.
Lydia, 41.02088°, 24.27681°. Every visitor of Philippi should also visit Lydia that is about 1 km to the north. At the entrance of the Baptistery of Lydia, there is a beautiful church and a cross-shaped baptismal font in a stream where adult baptisms are performed. Many Greeks have their children baptized in the chapel because of the special significance of the place for Christianity. In the creek that flows beside the chapel, the apostle Paul is said to have performed the first baptism on European soil, the rich Jewish merchant Lydia. €6 2018-03-12
Ancient battlefields of Philippi. In the double battle at Philippi, west of Philippi in October / November 42 BC the Roman triumvirates Marcus Antonius and Octavian (the later emperor Augustus) won about the followers of the republic, Marcus Iunius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus, who had been among the leaders of the assassination attempt on Gaius Iulius Caesar. You can no longer see any of the battles in the fields. Only the 2 hills, each about 500 m from the mud bath, where part of the fortification of the army of Cassius are still visible today. On the larger, northern hill you can still see the remains of the fortifications and have a beautiful view of Philippi and the second hill and the former marshland. There is no path on the hill, so you have to go cross-country. The ascent is not exhausting and the view is worth the effort. In the immediate vicinity of the hills is the Lasponera mud bath, where you can park well and also find refreshment in the restaurant. It is a good starting point for visiting the northern hill. The southern hill has nothing to see and is not worth the climb. 2020-03-15
Lasponera, 41.0112°, 24.2536°. A few kilometers away from Lydia is Lasponera, a healing mud bath, which helps fight joint and back pain. You only need a towel as you bath naked in the mud, men and women separated. Even if one is in good health, a visit is absolutely worthwhile! Since it is an open air facility, the mud baths is only open from June to October. There is also a therapeutic spring, which you can enjoy in a historic post-Byzantine bath, and masseurs on site. €6 2020-03-15
Sinful Roman Monument, 41.0123°, 24.3112°. This monument of Caius Vibius is a 4 m high marble monolith, dating to the 1st century AD, near Krinides village. Two of its four sides bear an inscription, which refers to the career of the Roman officer Caius Vibius Quartus. The damage to the monument is said to have been a measure to stop the old habit of the pregnant women of the area to secretly rub themselves in an "immoral" way on the corners of the monument, believing that this would only give them male children. To stop this sinful and non-godly old habit, the corners of the monument were removed, putting an end to sins. This is not as unusual as it seems. The same was also true of the stones (menhir) of the megalithic cultures in Christian times. Here, too, the ladies snuggled up to the stones, believing in fertility. 2020-01-24
Dikili Tash, 41.0100°, 24.3097°. The archaeological site of Dikili Tash is mainly a prehistoric settlement, dating to the Neolithic period (6400-4000 BC) and the Bronze Age (3000-1100 BC). Remains from Hellenistic and Roman times also exist, however, and a Byzantine tower crowns its top. There is not really much to see and so more a place for archaeologists 2018-03-12
2nd-order administrative division
Primary administrative division