Heritage railways (or railroads) are railway operations that are not part of mainstream rail travel.
Oriented mostly towards historical railways, heritage train travel is usually short in length; many of these train operators are attached to museums, associated with heritage of a region or location. In many cases, heritage railways are the last bastion of working steam locomotives in their respective countries.
Railways spread across most continents in the 19th and early 20th century, as the backbone of the Industrial Revolution, and heritage railways are an integral part of industrial tourism.
Some countries and operators take their role seriously to the point of generous funding, facilities and operational concessions to heritage railways.
Always check in advance as to operating times and seasons, as smaller museums and steam travel in many countries are severely restricted seasonal operations. Many of these lines are run by volunteers or staffed by summer students, leading to annual, seasonal changes of their days of operation. Not all countries provide English as a language for tourist railway information.
Understand
In most countries, railways have been built by a mixture of private and public capital and have been subject to various amounts of government oversight and regulation. In the UK for instance, every new railway had to get parliamentary approval, even if it did not plan to spend a single shilling of public money. While state actors often took political or military considerations into account, leading to lines that were not designed either to minimize construction costs or to maximize revenue, private operators usually tried for one or both. Beginning in the 1830s, there were several "railway manias" in which lines were built that had no chance of ever meeting the ridership required to deliver the promised return on shares. While a great many fortunes were lost, the lines were - if built - still able to return an operating profit and thus mostly remained in service until the advent of the automobile.
However, once the railways got competition from cars and buses and later from aviation, the writing was on the wall for many of those marginal lines. Some had never carried all that many passengers or freight and private operators could not turn a profit on them let alone pay interest on investment. Some were taken over by state actors and starting in the 1960s and 1970s countries in the East Bloc actually maintained railways that would have been shut down in the West as a means to cut down on foreign oil consumption and save hard currency, but in almost all of the west, railways were shut down, services replaced with buses and lines converted to other uses - often bike paths, but sometimes - in an almost symbolic twist of fate - roads. A small few of those lines however, were taken over by enthusiasts - sometimes with active help, sometimes with tacit approval, sometimes in spite of outright hostility of former owners and state authorities - who started running steam engines (original to the line or brought in from elsewhere) for both their own enjoyment and for tourists.
While many countries in Latin America had sparse networks to begin with, shutdowns and economic woes have left some entirely without a modern railway network and even where tracks still exist, there is nothing approaching modern mainline passenger rail. Unfortunately, there was little interest and capital to preserve former mainline railways upon their shutdown and thus many lines - even some that represent engineering marvels on par with the great alpine crossings - have laid dormant or been abandoned and left to other uses for decades. Even some nominal "state railways" in these countries are more aptly called heritage railways or at least tourist railways. However, with a slow but steady resurgence of rail in many countries, some lines are actually being restored or converted from heritage to mainline service with even tenuous signs of ambitious new construction.
In some countries regulations were different for lines of the (local) standard gauge versus lines in narrow gauge and thus marginal lines were built in narrow gauge to cut costs. Narrow gauge lines were rarely modernized and even if they still functioned as "regular" lines after the advent of the automobile, investments like electrification or dieselization rarely occurred (Swiss narrow gauge railways are one big exception to this rule), preserving them in an outdated but often touristically attractive state. This often coincided with the first voices clamoring for preservation of lines that did not have a business case for them any more. In Britain a huge part of the network was shut down in one fell swoop in the 1960s (the "Beeching cuts" or "Beeching Axe"), but locomotives and cars were not immediately scrapped thus enabling many heritage lines to start out with decent equipment that has often been maintained in near original condition to this day.
Asia
India
- Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (DHR, Toy Train), 27.045°, 88.267222°. Winding its way over the steep and torturous foothills of the Himalayas, the 'toy train' takes six hours to cover the 83 km distance from New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station (NJP) in Siliguri to Darjeeling. Completed in 1883, the railway follows the road (and mostly shares the same bed) and uses an interesting system of reverses (the trains climbs into a sliding and then goes into reverse to climb up the next section of the hill, sort of like a sideways V) and loops (the track loops around and crosses itself) to navigate the steep climb. Batasia Loop, at a tor point near Darjeeling just beyond the town of Ghum, is the most famous because of its great views. After departing NJP, the train also makes a stop at Siliguri Junction and Sukna stations in Siliguri. 2022-09-18
- Kalka–Shimla Railway, 31.104605°, 77.173424°. The railway from Kalka to Simla (Shimla) was completed in 1903, the final stage in the connection of Calcutta (Kolkata), then the winter capital of British India, with Simla, then the summer capital. The 96 km railroad runs through the magnificent scenery of the Shivalik Hills, up valleys ringed by high mountains, across 864 stone bridges built like Roman viaducts, and through 107 tunnels, the longest in length. 2022-09-18
- Kolkata Tram](http://www.wbtc.co.in/), 22.572672°, 88.363882°. India's only tram service is also one of the world's oldest. Though decommissioned in some parts of the city, electric trams are still one of the means of travelling between a few places within Kolkata. The trams have been serving the city since 1902 and you will not be too distant from that time considering many of the trams running today are from 1939. 2022-09-18
- Nilgiri Mountain Railway (NMR), 11.344317°, 76.791944°. The steepest mountain railway in India, the NMR climbs the from Mettupalayam to Udhagmandalam (Ooty) over a distance of 46 km, with gradients of 1:12 in some stretches. Completed in 1899, it is the only railway in India to use a rack and pinion system to climb the steep gradient. The train passes through 16 tunnels, over 250 bridges and around 205 sharp curves, with the breathtaking scenery of the Nilgiri Hills visible all along the way. 2022-09-18
Indonesia
- Ambarawa Railway Museum, Ambarawa (30 km south of Semarang), -7.264437°, 110.404438°, +62 813 257 09010, ambarawa@kawisata.id. Daily 08:00-16:00. An old locomotive pulling wooden carriages runs daily from Ambarawa Station to Tuntang Station with a view of Lake Rawapening, or you may rent an old steam train from Ambarawa Station to Bedono Station with the rack railway with a steep gradient. Entry fee Rp30,000. Ride a regular wooden train Rp100,000 2022-10-12
- Sawahlunto Railway Museum, Sawahlunto, West Sumatra, -0.682937°, 100.776938°. M-F, 08:00-16:00; Sa-Su, 08:00-`17:00. There is a steam locomotive named "Mak Itam" (in Minang language it means "Black Uncle"). Mak Itam only serves the Sawahlunto–Muarakalaban route. Entry fee Rp3,000 2023-01-14
Japan
- There are almost 2 dozen steam locomotives in daily use. While they are part of the national public transport network and can be used for normal commuting, they are mostly used for tourist purposes.
Europe
Belgium
Steam (vapeur in French, stoom in Dutch):
- Chemin de Fer à Vapeur des 3 Vallées (CFV3V), Chaussée de Givet, Mariembourg, Couvin, Namur, 50.091854°, 4.532145°. This steam tourist railway operates over a 14 km standard gauge line between Mariembourg and Treignes at the French border. On some days, autorails (rail buses) operate instead of steam trains. 2019-08-06
- Stoomtrein Maldegem-Eeklo (Stoomcentrum Maldegem), Stationsplein, Maldegem, East Flanders, 51.205051°, 3.447147°. Both steam and diesel trains operate over a 10 km standard gauge line or a 1.2 km narrow gauge (600 mm) line. 2019-08-06
Trams:
- Tram Museum (Museum of Urban Transport Brussels), 364 Avenue de Tervuren, Woluwe-Saint-Pierre (From Montgomery station on metroline 1B, take Tram 39 (dir. Ban Eik) or 44 (dir. Tervuren) to tram stop "Musée du Tram/Trammuseum".), 50.83162°, 4.43421°, +32 2 515-3108. Sa Su and holidays 13:00-17:00 from the first weekend of April until the first weekend of October. The museum runs old trams to one of Brussels suburbs, Tervuren, through a very nice wooded area. The trip is especially pleasant on a sunny day.
- Tramway des grottes de Han, Rue Joseph Lamotte, Han-sur-Lesse, 50.125241°, 5.187276°, +32 84 37 72 13. The diesel tram line runs from the village of Han-sur-Lesse to the tourist attraction of the caves: Grottes de Han. Former Vicinal diesel trams operate on a , metre-gauge line, and often pull up to 3 trailers some of which may be open cars. 2020-08-01
- Tramway historique Lobbes-Thuin (ASVi museum), Thuin. The museum consists of two metre-gauge lines, one for electric trams and another for diesel trams. All trams came from the now largely defunct interurban tram network called the Vicinal in French or buurttram in Dutch. 2019-08-08
- Tramway Touristique de l'Aisne, Rue du Pont-d'Erezée 1a, Érezée, 50.288586°, 5.549104°, +32 86 47 72 69. Sa 14:00-16:00, reservation required. Former Vicinal diesel trams operate on a , metric-gauge line. 2020-08-01
- TTO Noordsee, Loskaai 15, De Panne, West Flanders, 51.095424°, 2.584281°, +32 497 38 41 93. This museum schedules periodic excursions along the Kusttram using vintage trams. 2022-10-01
Denmark
- Skjoldenæsholm Tram Museum (Sporvejsmuseet Skjoldenæsholm), Jystrup, Zealand (65 km south-west of Copenhagen, between Ringsted and Roskilde), 55.532279°, 11.849628°. The museum has two tramways. A metre gauge tramway is used for rolling stock from Aarhus, Flensburg and Basel. An approximately 1.5 km standard gauge tramway is used for trams from Copenhagen, Odense, Malmö, Oslo, Prague, Düsseldorf, Rostock, Hamburg, den Haag, Oslo and Melbourne. 2019-08-06
Finland
- Steam locomotives were kept until the 1990s as a reserve for the case of oil imports being affected by a crisis (Finland had a long border with the USSR during the cold war and delicate relationships with both sides). Thus there was ample rolling stock left when the historical interest was awakened. The Finnish Railway Museum is in Hyvinkää (founded already in 1898) and among the cars on display are three cars of the Finnish train of the Russian emperor and the car of the president of Finland, while the oldest locomotive is from 1868. A few tours are made in summer on the mainline railways. There is a 1:8 railway on the museum premises.
- A real heritage railway is the narrow gauge one from Humppila on the Turku–Tampere railway to Jokioinen, with a museum, like the railway run by enthusiasts volunteers.
France
- Venice Simplon Orient Express. The Orient Express sleeper train cars of the 1920s and 1930s era have been placed back into service as the "Venice Simplon Orient Express", a seasonal tourist train. Only one run annually (in each direction) makes the full Paris-Istanbul trip; others run from Paris (or London) to Venice. While luxurious, this train is expensive and slower than the multiple modern trains required to complete the same route. 2019-08-06
- Train de l'Ardèche (Chemin de fer du Vivarais), Tournon Saint Jean de Muzols, 45.067547°, 4.788340°. This 52 km metric-gauge rail line operates steam trains and autorails (rail buses) through the very scenic gorges de l'Ardèche. 2019-08-06
Germany
The following are the heritage railways in Germany arranged by German states (Bundesland). A few still serve public transportation functions but are included due to their quaintness.
- Chiemsee-Bahn, Bahnhof, Prien am Chiemsee, 47.855218°, 12.347302°. Chiemsee-Bahn is a 2 km, metre gauge, steam tramway linking Prien am Chiemsee railway station to the wharf on Chiemsee. Using tram engines, it is the oldest continuously operated steam tramway in regular operation. 2019-08-06
- Härtsfeld-Museumsbahn, Dischinger Str. 11, Neresheim, 48.751407°, 10.339071°, +49 7326 5755. Once abandoned and now restored by enthusiasts, this metre-gauge railway operates steam trains and diesel motor cars through rustic areas. It operates on the first Sunday of each month from May to October, plus on other scheduled event days. 2020-08-01
- World of Trams Stuttgart (Straßenbahnmuseum Stuttgart), Veielbrunnenweg 3, Stuttgart, 48.799040°, 9.217690°, +49 711 78857770. W-Th 10:00-16:00 museum only, Su 10:00-18:00 museum & rides. The museum houses 36 historic tram vehicles in its 1929 depot, and offers tram rides on Sundays on metre-gauge, museum tram route 23 with a panoramic portion having an 8.5% maximum grade. 2020-08-01
- Woltersdorfer Straßenbahn, Rahnsdorf S-Bahn station, Berlin (connects with [S3] at Rahnsdorf), 52.451427°, 13.693077°. This quaint tram operation uses small, antiquated trams built between 1957 and 1961. For special ocasions, it uses even older trams. The line is 5.6 km long and operates daily as it is still a public transit service. The tramway is line 87 in the VBB fare system, and VBB tickets valid in zone C can be used on the tramway. 2020-09-13
- Der Feurige Elias, Marktplatz, Darmstadt (east side of Schlossmuseum), 49.873890°, 8.656131°. Der Feurige Elias (The Fiery Elias) is a steam-powered train that runs through the streets of Darmstadt on the tracks of the Darmstadt tram system. (Before electrification, many tram systems used steam locomotives of which Elias is one of the survivors.) Elias makes 3 round trips on most Sundays in September. The September trips are to Griesheim from a downtown location beside the Schlossmuseum near Marktplatz. Consult the web site for dates, times and changes in itinerary. Adults €4.50, child €2, family of 5 (2 adults, 3 children) €9. Double price for a return trip. 2020-08-02
The following two rail operations are on the East Frisian islands:
- Museums-Pferdebahn (Horsecar line), Spiekeroog, 53.7667°, 7.68333°. The Pferdebahn is a horse-drawn tram running on rails through scenic landscape.
- Wangerooger Inselbahn (Wangerooge Island Railway), Wangerooge, 53.787954°, 7.899424°. This is the only narrow gauge railway operated today by Deutsche Bahn. The metre-gauge line is 6 km long and uses small diesel locomotives to haul trains at a speed not exceeding 20 km/h. The line has a heritage railway feel even though it still serves as public transportation. 2019-08-06
- Molli-Bahn (Mecklenburgische Bäderbahn Molli), Bahnhof, Bad Doberan, 54.100157°, 11.9042716°. This narrow-gauge (900 mm), steam-powered railway operates over a 15.4 km line, part of which runs along the main street of Bad Doberan like a tram line. 2019-08-06
- Bergische Museumbahnen, Kohlfurth, Wuppertal, 51.191380°, 7.111119°. The museum has acquired over 30 trams from various operators, 10 of which are in operating condition. The museum provides rides over its 2.8 km, metre gauge line that runs through a wooded area. 2019-08-06
Historically Saxony was a bastion of narrow gauge railways and while most were shut down or regauged, some survive as heritage railways. Most of the surviving railways go through beautiful landscapes in the Saxon Ore Mountains and primarily serve touristic purposes nowadays.
- Fichtelbergbahn (Fichtelberg railway), Oberwiesenthal, Saxon Ore Mountains, 50.421012°, 12.971635°. This narrow-gauge (750 mm), steam-hauled heritage railway runs 17 km between Cranzahl and Oberwiesenthal. 2019-08-06
- Lößnitzgrundbahn (Radebeul–Radeburg railway), Radebeul (near Dresden), 51.098611°, 13.679722°. This narrow-gauge (750 mm), steam-hauled heritage railway runs 16 km between Radeburg and Moritzburg. Moritzburg has a Schloss, the town's major draw for tourists. 2019-08-06
- Preßnitztalbahn (Pressnitz Valley Railway), Jöhstadt (near Chemnitz), 50.508916°, 13.098343°. This steam-operated, narrow-gauge (750 mm) line is 8 km long, and operates between Jöhstadt and Steinbach bei Jöhstadt. 2019-08-06
Trams:
- Kirnitzschtalbahn (Kirnitzschtal tramway), Bad Schandau, 50.920927°, 14.157690°. This metre-gauge line uses trams built between 1925 and 1968. It connects Bad Schandau to the Lichtenhain Waterfall, a distance of 8 km, and runs along the side of a road through a rustic forest. The tram line is a tourist-oriented public transit service. Depending on your definition, this makes Bad Schandau the smallest German city with its own tramway, as opposed to other villages which are served by the tram of a nearby city. 2019-08-06
- Naumburger Straßenbahn, Naumburg. At only 2.5 km long, this metre-gauge line is the smallest urban tramway in Germany, and one of the smallest in Europe. Unlike most heritage railways, this tram line offers daily service with a 30-minute frequency. 2019-08-06
Ireland
Latvia
Luxembourg
Most of Luxembourg's heritage railways can be found in the Land of the Red Rocks. Here you will find the following:
- Musée National des Mines de Fer Luxembourgeoises in Rumelange features a ride on a narrow-gauge railway into the mines, along with a tour of the mines.
- In Fond de Gras is a station that only services heritage trains to Pétange and Lasauvage, the latter of which is a town focused on telling its history to those that visit.
Netherlands
See also: Rail travel in the Netherlands
Poland
Romania
Sweden
- Inlandsbanan Kristinehamn––Mora–Östersund–Gällivare (1,363 km, two days)
Switzerland
See also: Rail travel in Switzerland
As Switzerland has shut down very few railways, there are few "heritage railways" in the usual sense, but there are several rail lines which in addition to their role in regular transport serve a touristic role and are an attraction in themselves.
- Chemin de fer Blonay-Chamby, Place de la Gare, Blonay (near Vevey and Montreux), 46.465177°, 6.896231°, +41 21 943 21 21. The country's most significant heritage railway line, the Chemin de fer Blonay-Chamby operates both steam and vintage electric trains on a metre-gauge line. 2020-06-02
- Musée du tram (L’Association Neuchâteloise des Amis du Tramway (ANAT)), Chemin des Isles 33, Boudry (west of Areuse Littorail tram stop), 46.953831°, 6.849159°, +41 78 628 77 10. On one Sunday afternoon for each month in summer, the tram museum operates free rides on historic trams between Neuchâtel and Boudry. 2020-06-02
- Dampfbahn-Verein Zürcher Oberland (Steam Train Society Zürcher Oberland DVZO), Bahnhofstrasse, Bauma, 47.368634°, 8.878224°. The museum line operates steam trains every first and third Sunday each month May to August. The flyer also indicates weekend (Friday-Sunday) trains in September to mid-October. Hinwil is another town where trains can be boarded. 2020-06-29
- Furka Steam Railway (Dampfbahn Furka-Bergstrecke (DFB)), 46.561389°, 8.361944°. This railway became redundant when the Furka Base Tunnel opened in the early 1980s. Its operation was - and continues to be - a major feat of human effort, as all the electrification equipment has to be removed each autumn and lugged up the mountains again each spring to protect it from snow and ice. These days, the railway is largely run by volunteers and it is one of the highest railways in Europe.
United Kingdom
A publication called Railways Restored, published by Ian Allen, contains detailed listings for a number of heritage railways in the UK, some of the more prominent lines are listed below:
England
All standard gauge unless otherwise stated.
- Bluebell Railway, Sheffield Park, Sussex.
- Crich Tramway Village, Crich, Peak District
- Severn Valley Railway
- West Somerset Railway
- Keighley & Worth Valley Railway
- North Norfolk Railway or Poppy Line
- Churnet Valley Railway
- Kent & East Sussex
- South Devon Railway, runs from Totnes to Buckfastleigh.
- Dartmouth Steam Railway
- Gloucestershire Warwickshire Steam Railway, Cheltenham, England
- Mail Rail at The Postal Museum (London Post Office Railway), 15-20 Phoenix Pl (across the street from the Postal Museum), 51.5245°, -0.1132°. Associated with the Postal Museum, Mail Rail is a operating segment of a former narrow-gauge, underground railway that used to carry mail to various post offices within London. Visitors can ride a miniature train through the original tunnels. The ride is not suitable for visitors who are large or have mobility problems. The station also has exhibits. 2021-09-21
Scotland
All standard gauge unless stated.
Wales
All narrow gauge unless stated.
North America
See also Tourist trains#Historic and museum trains, Rail travel in Canada and Rail travel in the United States.
Canada
British Columbia
- Fraser Valley Heritage Railway, 17630 56 Ave, Surrey, 49.103735°, -122.733689°. Operates an interurban car of the British Columbia Electric Railway, plus speeders and velocipedes. 2016-09-25
- Nelson Electric Tramway, 1801 Lakeside Dr, Nelson, 49.505590°, -117.282090°. Restored streetcar #23 operates along a 1.2 km waterfront line. 2016-09-29
- West Coast Railway Heritage Park, 39645 Government Rd, Squamish, 49.727605°, -123.160469°, +1 604-898-9336. 12-acre site featuring a railway station and vintage locomotives; train rides during special events. 2020-06-02
Alberta
- Alberta Railway Museum, 24215 34 St NW, 53.701910°, -113.382361°. Weekends from Victoria Day to Labour Day. The collection of railway equipment and buildings contains locomotives from the Canadian National Railways (CNR) and Northern Alberta Railways (NAR). Trains operate only on holiday weekends in summer. 2020-02-14
- Fort Edmonton Park, Edmonton/South. Fort Edmonton Park is a historical theme park that operates a steam train line and a streetcar line. The streetcar line goes through the middle of two streets in the park. Both lines use vintage equipment. 2016-09-25
- High Level Bridge Streetcar, Edmonton. Summer service mostly in the afternoon. Vintage streetcars operate over the pictoresque North Saskatchewan River valley via the High Level Bridge. The line provides tourists with a direct link between the Alberta Legislature and Old Strathcona. Inexpensive fare 2016-09-25
- Heritage Park Historical Village, Calgary. Heritage Park is a historical theme park that operates a steam train line within the park. There is also a streetcar line to act as a shuttle between parking lots and the park entrance. The steam line uses vintage equipment and operates whenever the park is open. The streetcar line uses replica trams and might not operate every day. 2016-09-25
Ontario
- Halton County Radial Railway, Rockwood, Ontario ( east of Guelph (Ontario)). A museum with a 1.5 km rail line to operate various old urban and interurban trams. 2016-09-25
- Port Stanley Terminal Rail, Port Stanley (Ontario) (south of London (Ontario)). The railway operates with four historic diesel electric locomotives from the 1940s and 1950s and nine passenger cars. 2016-09-25
- South Simcoe Railway, Tottenham, Ontario (NW of Toronto), 44.022170°, -79.807874°. Steam train running through Beeton Creek Valley. 2016-09-25
- Waterloo Central Railway, St. Jacobs (Ontario) (north of Waterloo (Ontario)). A historic steam or diesel locomotive draws a train of historic passenger cars between St. Jacobs Market and Elmira (Ontario). 2016-09-25
- York–Durham Heritage Railway, 19 Railway St, Uxbridge (Ontario) (NE of Toronto). The railway operates diesel-operated, excursion trains over a 20 km route between Stouffville and Uxbridge. The round trip takes approximately 2 hours and 30 minutes. 2016-09-25
Quebec
- Exporail (Canadian Railway Museum), 110, rue Saint-Pierre, Saint-Constant (Brossard), 45.375372°, -73.564687°, +1 450-632-2410. Historical trains, train & streetcar rides, an old station and other historical exhibits. An interesting introduction to Canadian railway history. Cafe offering basic lunches.
United States of America
South America
Argentina
- Association of Friends of the Tramway (Asociación Amigos del Tranvía), Taller Polvorin, Emilio Mitre 500, Buenos Aires, -34.628174°, -58.443038°. The museum has a collection of old trams and subway (subte) cars stored at the subway system workshop Taller Polvorin. Trams operate for a limited time on weekends and holidays, and run through nearby streets on a 2 km loop. Check Horarios in the link for operating days and times. 2020-06-02
Brazil
Oceania
See also
- Guided tours
- Tourist trains have some overlap, though they are often distinct in being for profit and offer even less transportation value. Their historical accuracy may be even more lacking.
- Enthusiast rail travel#Museums. In some countries heritage railways are limited in function due to seasonal/weather constraints, however many heritage railways have static museum displays incorporated to compensate for out of season visitors.